You have full access to this open access article. This study uses light and electron microscopes to gain a better knowledge of the interactions of calcium hydroxylapatite filler with the connective tissue of the skin and the modifications of the human deep dermis, after 2 months of treatment.
Some morphological evidences of this observational study of filler treated tissue support-specific mechanism involved in the structural modifications of both filler microspherules and cells of the connective tissue.
They demonstrate the absence of any immunological reaction and show that the used filler is modified very slowly over time by the action of cells of the connective tissue closely related to the filler without any activity of phagocytosis.
Furthermore, associated with the modifications of the filler, evidences of stimulatory effects on dermal fibroblasts are reported. Recently, many patients require extensive aesthetic treatments and some of them choose conventional surgery as treatment of first choice. Injectable soft tissue fillers are extensively used for many age-related skin signs such as the rejuvenation of limited areas of the face, the neck and other regions.
Many materials have been used as fillers, and many procedures have been employed in the last 15 years for the rejuvenation of some regions of the body. A lot of controversial data are available in scientific literature, but in the last couple of years, a clear evidence has emerged on the safety and tolerability of calcium hydroxylapatite filler, which has been used for over 10 years, as an effective and safe treatment option for a variety of aesthetic indications [ 1 β 3 ].
