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However, strategies to prevent or delay type 1 diabetes in youth remain elusive, and meanwhile the number of affected children continues to grow. Incidence has also increased; the adjusted risk for developing type 1 diabetes increased 1.
Diabetes management for children must not be extrapolated from adult diabetes care. Although the ADA stopped developing new position statements in 6 , this Position Statement was developed under the criteria 7 and provides recommendations for current standards of care for youth children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
It is not intended to be an exhaustive compendium on all aspects of disease management, nor does it discuss type 2 diabetes in youth, which is the subject of an ADA Position Statement currently under review. While adult clinical trials produce robust evidence that has advanced care and improved outcomes 8 , pediatric clinical trials remain scarce. A pediatric endocrinologist should be consulted before making a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes when isolated glycosuria or hyperglycemia is discovered in the setting of acute illness and in the absence of classic symptoms.
Distinguishing between type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, monogenic diabetes, and other forms of diabetes is based on history, patient characteristics, and laboratory tests, including an islet autoantibody panel. Prospective longitudinal studies of individuals at risk for developing type 1 diabetes have demonstrated that the disease is a continuum that progresses sequentially at variable but predictable rates through distinct stages before the onset of symptoms.
