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By Gitau G. Principles are based on facts and reasonable, acceptable values By Gitau G. Addresses such questions as: What are the meanings of the ethical concepts of good and right? How can a person reach a conclusion about an ethical dilemma Hypothetical situations in which no choice is clearly and indisputably right? Three different approaches to making decisions regarding moral conduct - Utilitarianism create greatest good for greatest number Example: leader distributes scarce resources so as to maximize benefit to everyone, while hurting the fewest; preventive healthcare vs.
For whom? What yardstick or standard of utility do we use when we measure consequences? The important values are the ones society needs to function. Utilitarianism β States that the greatest good for society should be the overriding concern of decision makers. Consequential, or teleological emphasizes the results of behavior. Everyone should act to ensure a more equitable distribution of benefits, for this promotes self-respect, essential for social cooperation.
The Four Way Test 1. Is if FAIR to all concerned? So: Why bother? Stopping your car in the middle of traffic; you have a sudden need Telling a lie for a good cause Subjective relativism and tolerance are quite different Nothing is really bad in Subjective Relativism Decision: We shall not give legitimacy in this class to an ethical theory that fails to be based on reason Hence we drop Subjective Relativism from detailed coverage By Gitau G.
And we do not want to be arrogant Is judging inherently arrogant? Bad actions are contrary to the will of God! Based on obedience, not reason Not a powerful weapon for ethical debate in a secular society Decision: Devine Command Theory is not a rational tool to formulate ethical evaluations Hence we drop Divine Command Theory By Gitau G. Case For: Acknowledges focus on our own well-being Compared to other theories that focus on the good of others Community can benefit Entrepreneur looking out for herself brings jobs to community Moral principles rooted in idea of self-interest Lying and cheating is not in your long-term self-interest; therefore reject as acceptable behaviour; but the reason for rejection is not that lying and cheating are inherently bad!!
