Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The interest in the application of laser therapy in medicine and dentistry has remarkably increased in the last decade. There are different types of lasers available and their usage is well defined by different parameters, such as: wavelength, energy density, power output, and duration of radiation.
Laser irradiation can induce a photobiomodulatory PBM effect on cells and tissues, contributing to a directed modulation of cell behaviors, enhancing the processes of tissue repair. Photobiomodulation PBM , also known as low-level laser therapy LLLT , can induce cell proliferation and enhance stem cell differentiation.
Laser therapy is a non-invasive method that contributes to pain relief and reduces inflammation, parallel to the enhanced healing and tissue repair processes. The application of these properties was employed and observed in the treatment of various diseases and conditions, such as diabetes, brain injury, spinal cord damage, dermatological conditions, oral irritation, and in different areas of dentistry.
Keywords: laser, low-level laser therapy, photobiomodulation, stem cells, tissue regeneration. The role of light in biological systems and processes can be observed clearly in our sleep—wake cycles, circadian rhythms, and in the absorption of vitamins. The introduction of lasers, as sources of amplified, stimulated emission of radiation, gave researchers an opportunity to obtain and use high-powered light at specific wavelengths in biology, creating a new perspective for its application in healing and tissue engineering.
In medicine and dentistry, lasers used in phototherapy and included in photobiomodulation PBM are low-level lasers class III which are defined with an output power of mW, and there are also high-level lasers class IV with a power output of mW or more [ 1 , 2 ]. At the same time, the research focusing on stem cells and their properties contributes to better understanding of the repair and regeneration mechanisms, based on properties of stem cells such as self-renewal and ability of multilineage differentiation [ 3 ].
