This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. Learn more. A travel health risk assessment is also advisable for some people, even when vaccines or malaria tablets are not required. Many of the health risks experienced by travellers cannot be prevented by vaccines and other measures need to be taken. Always make sure you understand the wider risks at your destination and take precautions, including:.
Make sure you have travel insurance before travel to cover healthcare abroad. Find out if there are any restrictions you need to consider if you are travelling with medicines. Know how to access healthcare at your destination: see the GOV. UK English speaking doctors and medical facilities: worldwide list.
If you feel unwell on your return home from travelling abroad, always seek advice from a healthcare professional and let them know your travel history. Yellow fever vaccination certificate required for travellers aged 1 year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission. Risk is higher during floods and after natural disasters, in areas with very poor sanitation and lack of clean drinking water. Risk is highest for humanitarian aid workers; those working in refugee camps or slums; those caring for people with cholera.
Risk is higher if mixing with locals in poor, overcrowded living conditions. Risk is higher if travelling to countries where there hepatitis A is circulating in the local population, or to areas where personal hygiene and sanitation is poor. Risk is highest for those with underlying medical conditions where there is increased risk of developing severe disease e. Occurs from sexual contact or contact with contaminated needles and medical instruments e.
Mothers with the virus can also transmit the infection to their baby during childbirth. Risk is higher for those visiting more frequently, staying longer, visiting friends and relatives, children through bites, cuts and scratches and those who may require medical treatment during travel.
