Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi [ n 1 ] baptized 15 May β 29 November was an Italian composer, choirmaster and string player. A composer of both secular and sacred music , and a pioneer in the development of opera , he is considered a crucial transitional figure between the Renaissance and Baroque periods of music history.
Born in Cremona , where he undertook his first musical studies and compositions, Monteverdi developed his career first at the court of Mantua c. His surviving letters give insight into the life of a professional musician in Italy of the period, including problems of income, patronage and politics. Much of Monteverdi's output , including many stage works, has been lost. His surviving music includes nine books of madrigals , large-scale religious works, such as his Vespro della Beata Vergine Vespers for the Blessed Virgin of , and three complete operas.
His opera L'Orfeo is the earliest of the genre still widely performed; towards the end of his life he wrote works for Venice , including Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria and L'incoronazione di Poppea. While he worked extensively in the tradition of earlier Renaissance polyphony , as evidenced in his madrigals, he undertook great developments in form and melody, and began to employ the basso continuo technique, distinctive of the Baroque. No stranger to controversy, he defended his sometimes novel techniques as elements of a seconda pratica , contrasting with the more orthodox earlier style which he termed the prima pratica.
Largely forgotten during the eighteenth and much of the nineteenth centuries, his works enjoyed a rediscovery around the beginning of the twentieth century. He is now established both as a significant influence in European musical history and as a composer whose works are regularly performed and recorded.
Claudio's brother Giulio Cesare Monteverdi b. There is no clear record of Monteverdi's early musical training, or evidence that as is sometimes claimed he was a member of the Cathedral choir or studied at Cremona University.
